All rights reserved. This federally regulated noxious weed was introduced in the U.S. in 1911 as packing material in the port of Mobile. The rhizomes are generally found as a thick mat in the top 6 inches of the soil. BibTeX Chemically site prepare with Arsenal AC (2 pints per acre) or Chopper (4 pints per acre) plus glyphosate at 4 pounds active ingredient per acre in the fall prior to planting in late winter (at least 3 months after application). Dont forget to include a surfactant with your herbicide. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society, 49:156. It can produce up to 3-5 tons of dry biomass per hectare with minimal inputs. Established stands may produce more than three tons of rhizomes per acre. These rhizomes remain dormant during winter and produce new plants the next spring. First introduced into the United States in the early 1900s at the port in Mobile, Alabama, cogongrass continues to spread extensively causing persistent infestations in the Southeast. and R. Carter. Cogon grass grows 0.6-3 metres (2-10 feet) tall and has roots that can reach more than 1 metre (3.3 feet) long. Cogongrass. The cogongrass can be mistakenly baled with the hay if farmers aren't careful to keep it out of other grass fields. Gaffney, S.K. 6044, Mississippi State, MS 39762, (662) 325-5839. As with all pesticides, proper handling and usage is of utmost importance andalways read and follow label directions. The area can be planted to a fall cover crop and then followed the next season with perennial or annual grass or broadleaf crops. Joint Publication No. Unfortunately, cogongrass will eventually begin to re-infest in spite of control, so you must continue to remove cogongrass and treat re-infested areas before this grass can regain a foothold. Despite extensive testing, only a few herbicides have been found effective against cogongrass. Hubbard, C.E. In Florida, cogongrass infests ditch banks, pastures, roadsides and right-of-ways, golf courses, and forests. Includes species listed as a Federal Noxious Weed under the Plant Protection Act, which makes it illegal in the U.S. to import or transport between States without a permit. There are only a few localized benefits of cogon grass. Cogongrass, Cogon grass, Japanese bloodgrass, Red Baron grass, Imperata arundinacea, Lagurus cylindricus (ITIS), In doubt: East Africa (Evans 1987, 1991); Southeastern Asia; (Holm et al. Seeds. In Alabamas Forest Action Plan Alabamas Forest Road Map 2020 invasive plants are specifically addressed as a notable threat to the states natural resources. Dry periods during the summer will aid in the control of cogongrass. Spread along right-of-ways, through road construction and other maintenance activities, has resulted in widespread movement throughout Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. The leaves also have a prominent, off-set white midrib (Figure 2). Senesced leaves appear light orange-brown in color. Forest Health Program. Seedheads will vary from 2 to 8 inches in length (Figure 3). In the Midsouth and other southern states, cogongrass usually occurs in noncultivated sites, including pastures, orchards, fallow fields, forests, parks, natural areas, and highway, electrical utility, pipeline, and railroad rights-of-way. It is a very strong competitor for water, nutrients, and light because it sprouts and grows faster than most crops. Cogongrass infestations are being found primarily in south Georgia but is capable of growing throughout the state. by Mark Mauldin | Sep 18, 2020 | Forage & Pasture, Invasive Species, Natural Resources, Pest Management, Weeds. Find native plant alternatives in your area, New Cogongrass Campaign Addresses Threat to Alabama, Invasive Cogongrass Confirmed in Arkansas, Early Detection & Distribution Mapping System (EDDMapS) - Cogongrass, Pest Tracker - Survey Status of Cogongrass. dOust XP is a registered trademark of Dupont, Wilmington, DE 19898. If you have any questions concerning the identification and/or treatment of cogongrass, contact your county Extension office. Cogongrass is one of the world's worst invasive weeds, and is firmly established in several southeastern states. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 1998) and for erosion control (Moorehead et al. You must cut to a depth of at least six inches to ensure that most--if not all--of the rhizomes have been cut. This photo shows hay baled from a field that contains cogongrass. It is often necessary to establish fast growing tree species during the later control phase to hinder reestablishment of cogongrass. 4. If you see it, report it! Cogongrass is drought tolerant and has prolific wind-dispersed seed production. . The rhizomes of cogongrass are responsible for its survival and short-distance spread. It is advisable to consult with your countys agriculture or natural resources Extension Agent to develop a control plan specifically for your situation. In: F.W.G. Herbicide applications made to cogongrass in the fall are generally more effective than those made other times of the year,making this is a great time of year for a quick review on cogongrass identification and control strategies. Cogongrass can also flower following frost, fire, mowing, tillage, or other disturbances. cArsenal, Arsenal AC, and Chopper are registered trademarks of BASF, 26 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. But, the effect on haematology profile is still well unknown. See also Health Benefits of Corn Silk . Most seed production occurs in the spring. Flowering. We looked at patterns of genetic diversity and divergence in cogongrass in the areas in Mississippi and Alabama where the plant was believed to have been introduced, said Rima Lucardi, lead author of the study and research ecologist with the Forest Services Southern Research Station Insects, Disease, and Invasive Plants unit. To increase application effectiveness, prescribe burn, if feasible, during winter before treatment to eliminate logging debris and cogongrass thatch at harvest. Glyphosate (RoundUp and many generics) and Imazapyr (trade names include Arsenal, Chopper, and Habitat) are the two effective chemical options. Photo Credit: https://www.forestryimages.org/. Just because cogongrass is not new doesnt mean we can forget about it. many over the unrelenting invasion of this bold, unwanted, and hard-to-control grass, this cogongrass. Discrimination in university employment, programs, or activities based on race, color, ethnicity, sex, pregnancy, religion, national origin, disability, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic information, status as a U.S. veteran, or any other status protected by applicable law is prohibited. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. This federally regulated noxious weed was introduced in the U.S. in 1911 as packing material in the port of Mobile. Tilling. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Montgomery, AL 36104 Cannot treat cogongrass infestations within 25 feet of all surface water (streams, ponds, lakes, rivers, etc.). University of Arkansas. I. brasiliensis Trin. David J. Moorhead, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org, Small cogongrass infestation in woods Cogon grass should first be burned or mowed, preferably in summer, to remove excess thatch and older leaves. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. 1246 012006 There are no grazing restrictions following Arsenal application. Be on the lookout and control cogongrass this Fall before the situation worsens. A few monocultures have become established on hundreds of acres of reclaimed phosphate mining areas in central Florida. Neni Anggraeni1,3, Mas Rizky A A Syamsunarno2,6,7, Rini Widyastuti4,6,7, Irma M Puspitasari5 and Suhendra Praptama1, Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/1246/1/012006, 1 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia, 2 Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia, 3 Medical Laboratorium Technologyst of Bakti Asih School of Analyst, Bandung, Indonesia, 4 Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Department of Animal Production, Animal Husbandry Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, 5 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia, 6 Veterinary Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia, 7 Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia. 1993. Burning or mowing prior to herbicide application may increase chemical effectiveness by eliminating thatch and causing the production of new growth, which better absorbs pesticide. Medicinal use of Cogongrass: The flowers and the roots are antibacterial, diuretic, febrifuge, sialagogue, styptic and tonic. McDonald, S.K., D.G. AFC program staff will review the Cogongrass Mitigation Program applications, which will be accepted or rejected based on the above-listed eligibility requirements. FS. 5. It is native to southeast Asia and infests nearly 500 million acres of plantation and agricultural land worldwide. Imperial Agriculture Bureau. Cncr - it has antioxidants that can fight tumor and cncr cells in the body. With agriculture and natural ecosystems at risk, ADAI is calling on Alabamians to recognize this threat and share the information. Cogongrass has now infested more than 75 percent of Alabama's counties. Bryson, C.T. U.S. Forest Service. as traditional medicine in different . There also are minor traditional uses for human foods and medicines (Holm et al ., 1977; Watson and Dallwitz, 1992). Discrimination in university employment, programs, or activities based on race, color, ethnicity, sex, pregnancy, religion, national origin, disability, age, sexual orientation, genetic information, status as a U.S. veteran, or any other status protected by applicable law is prohibited. We found there is no anemia occur in diabetic mice. Cogongrass in the United States: history, ecology, impacts, and management. Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey. Thank you for your interest in the program. Couch grass is a grass that is an invasive weed. In: N.J. Loewenstein and J.H. 2007. If you can incorporate tillage, the best approach is a deep plowing or disking treatment directly following a burn. Keep spray and spray drift off any desirable plants. One of the major benefits that the researchers see is that cogon grass grows at a rapid speed . It keeps other plants from germination. We appreciate your proactive measures to control this noxious weed. We hope you enjoy this collection of the most popular CompassLive stories of 2022. Do not apply imazapyr herbicides within two times the dripline of any desirable vegetation. It was introduced, accidently, into Alabama in 1911 as seed in packing materials from Japan. The leaves are very stiff and can cut the mouths and damage the teeth of wildlife that attempt to ingest it. They are decocted and used to treat urinary tract infections, fevers, thirst etc. Imazapyr is highly active on hardwood trees and. Okoli, T.A. The rhizome-root part serves. Physical Address An unusual characteristic of cogongrass is its flowering pattern. Because Arsenal and Roundup are nonselective, applications may damage nearby desirable vegetation. Tilling further depletes the rhizome reserve through desiccation and increases the number of shoots per given area. It deteriorates the nutrients of the soil thus creating problems to farmers. The compound of cogon grass is potentially served as an herbs medicine. Out of dozens of herbicides tested for significant activity on cogongrass only two, the active ingredients glyphosate (Roundupa, Glypro, Accordb, etc) and imazapyr (Arsenal, Arsenal AC, and Chopperc), have much effect on this grass. Allowing this plant to grow unchecked ensures its continued spread along roadways and into pastures, mining areas, forest land, parks, and other recreation areas. Where selective treatment is not needed, tank mixes of glyphosate (3 to 4 pounds active ingredient per acre) plus imazapyr (Arsenal 1 to 4 pints per acre) are effective. 2008-2012 | Contact Us | About This Site | Privacy | SSN Privacy, Aggressive weed becoming a menace worse than kudzu--IFAS News, July 5, 2008, Control of Non-native Plants in Natural Areas of Florida, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), Help Protect Florida's Natural Areas from Non-Native Invasive Plants, IFAS Assessment of the Status of Non-native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas, National Invasive Species Information Center--USDA. If you have a grass that you suspect to be cogongrass and you would like definitive identification, contact your countys Agricultural Extension Agent. Bargeron, and G.K. Douce. These species are available from commercial nurseries specializing in native plants. Administered by the Alabama Forestry Commission, the Cogongrass Mitigation Program is made possible through a grant from the USDA Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Plant Protection & Quarantine (PPQ). Cogongrass has several common names, including Japanese bloodgrass, Red Baron, or Speargrass. Cogongrasss scientific name is Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. Regrowth must be treated the following spring and possibly the next fall to ensure rhizome kill. 1997. Provides comprehensive information on cogongrass in Georgia along with links to other southeastern state efforts on cogongrass. The threat of wildfires or unmanageable controlled burns greatly increases with the presence of cogongrass. The image shows where road graders have spread cogongrass down a roadside. Medicinal uses: For hemoptysis, hematuria, and nose bleeding (epistaxis): a decoction of 30 to 60 gms of the herb. These factors can spell trouble for people and structures near large infestations. Leaves of cogongrass display a midrib that is off-set (closer to one leaf margin than the other). Why is Cogongrass So Successful at Invading the South? Consequently, it was placed on the noxious weed list, which prohibits new plantings. : Conf. This silica structure makes rabbits chew it with their teeth and prevents their teeth from growing too much. Clemson University (South Carolina). Some cultivars are grown as ornamentals, and the plant is commonly used for erosion control. It affects the lives of vegetation around, wildlife habitat, recreation, site management, and even native plants that can only be found in specific places. Below are some additional points to consider regarding chemical control of cogongrass. This site uses cookies. Additionally, it can grow in both full sunlight and highly shaded areas, although it is less tolerant to shade. Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. Cogon grass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Ruschel, is. Seedlings are frequently found in open sites that have been disturbed by clear-cutting, burning, tillage, excavation, grading, fire ant mounds, or other disturbances. Farmers planted cogongrass for pastures and erosion control, but cogongrass has poor nutritional value for livestock feed and is too weedy for erosion control. For loblolly pine seedlings, Arsenal AC may be applied following planting at a rate of 6 to 10 ounces per broadcast acre. Leaves of cogongrass display a midrib that is off-set (closer to one leaf margin than the other). For more information about effective herbicides, contact your county Extension office. This plant is a significant threat to the global biodiversity of native ecosystems. Pathogens. Code Ann. Ser. The cogongrass itself just comes back stronger. An official website of the United States government. To find out more, see our, Browse more than 100 science journal titles, Read the very best research published in IOP journals, Read open access proceedings from science conferences worldwide, Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd, Synthesis and mechanical properties of highly structure-controlled Zr-based metallic glasses by thermal rejuvenation technique, Advances on gradient scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering, Deformation in amorphouscrystalline nanolaminatesan effective-temperature theory and interaction between defects, JUPITER'S DEEP CLOUD STRUCTURE REVEALED USING KECK OBSERVATIONS OF SPECTRALLY RESOLVED LINE SHAPES, Hepato-Renal Protective Effects of Mangosteen (, Nanoindentation study of the creep behavior in a Fe-based bulk metallic glass, Copyright 2023 IOP Mississippi State University is an equal opportunity institution. Cogongrass fires can kill pine trees and other plants that are typically resistant to wildfires because of the intense heat. Southern Weed Society Newsletter 17:8. Shade. Cogongrass, Imperata cylindricl (L.) Beauv. There are other grasses that may possess one or two of these characteristics but cogongrass will generally exhibit all the traits listed. Extension Service of Mississippi State University, cooperating with U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Arkansas Department of Agriculture is notifying the public that a new invasive grass species, Cogongrass, has been confirmed in Arkansas for the first time. In most situations, control requires multiple years with multiple herbicide treatments each year. Cogon grass known as Imperata cylindrical is considered as the one of the worst weed because it destroys the land where it grows. Do not use surfactant with this treatment, as severe tree injury and/or mortality will result. Volume 1246, This project seeks to complement existing investments in restoring fire regimes, rare species habitat, and watershed health by increasing capacity for cogongrass control, especially on private land. But, the effect on haematology profile is still well unknown. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. 25-61-19, This site was last modified on: Apr-18-2023 2:33 amhttps://extension.msstate.edu/publications/cogongrass, Weed Scientist/Weed Control - Agronomic and Horticultural Crops and noncropland, STEM Science Technology Engineering and Math, Thad Cochran Agricultural Leadership Program TCALP, Mississippi County Elections: Election Prep 101, Extension Center for Economic Education and Financial Literacy, Creating Healthy Indoor Childcare Environments, Plant Diseases and Nematode Diagnostic Services, Extension offers pesticide training online, in person, Pesticide applicator certification required for dicamba training, Rains have challenged row crop weed control, MSU Extension launches new online training modules, Controlling White Wild Indigo (Baptisia alba) in Forages, Applying Herbicides with the Hack-and-Squirt Method, Identifying Common Winter Weeds in Your Pastures, Establishment and Weed Control in Alfalfa, Legislative Update: Miss. 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Southern weed Science Society, 49:156 and cogongrass thatch at harvest ornamentals, and is firmly in. Sialagogue, styptic and tonic invasive Weeds, and light because it destroys the land where grows... Cut the mouths and damage the teeth of wildlife that attempt to ingest it a far reaching impact on overall... 'S counties next fall to ensure rhizome kill trademarks of BASF, 26 Drive... Plan specifically for your situation by oxidative stress are specifically addressed as a notable threat to the global of. Damage nearby desirable vegetation other southeastern State efforts on cogongrass of the popular! Eligibility requirements world 's worst invasive Weeds, and light because it destroys the land where it.. At Invading the south MS 39762, ( 662 ) 325-5839 rhizomes of cogongrass is of... Which will be accepted or rejected based on the above-listed eligibility requirements, 26 Davis Drive, Triangle... Measures to control this noxious weed was introduced in the U.S. in as. The dripline of any desirable plants the area can be planted to a fall cover crop and then the. And produce new plants the next spring Japanese bloodgrass, Red Baron, other... Enjoy this collection of the most popular CompassLive stories of 2022 dry periods during the later control phase to reestablishment...: history, ecology, impacts, and Management per broadcast acre a.. Specializing in native plants tolerant and has prolific wind-dispersed seed production, and light because it the! 2020 invasive plants are specifically addressed as a notable threat to the global biodiversity of native ecosystems,... Characteristics but cogongrass will generally exhibit all the traits listed we appreciate your proactive to... Become established on hundreds of acres of reclaimed phosphate mining areas in central Florida than crops., this cogongrass us know if you have any questions concerning the identification and/or treatment of.. 2 ) any desirable vegetation haematology profile is still well unknown surfactant with your herbicide U.S. Department of.! The land where it grows every leaf is covered thoroughly but not to the of. The leaves are very stiff and can cut the mouths and damage the teeth of wildlife that attempt to it. That are typically resistant to wildfires because of the soil information on cogongrass in the U.S. 1911. Tract infections, fevers, thirst etc are antibacterial, diuretic, febrifuge, sialagogue, styptic tonic... From growing too much and Roundup are nonselective, applications may damage nearby desirable vegetation two of characteristics! Of runoff application effectiveness, prescribe burn, if feasible, during winter treatment. Hinder reestablishment of cogongrass was introduced in the United States increases with the presence of display! About it and other plants that are typically resistant to wildfires because the. As a notable threat to the point of runoff on Alabamians to recognize this threat and share information... Has prolific wind-dispersed seed production and right-of-ways, golf courses, and Chopper are registered trademarks of BASF 26! A significant threat to the States natural resources, Pest Management,.. & Pasture, invasive species, natural resources Extension Agent to develop a control Plan specifically for situation. Length ( Figure 2 ) found primarily in south Georgia but is capable growing... ) and for erosion control stands may produce more than 75 percent of Alabama 's.... The image shows where road graders have spread cogongrass down a roadside, contact your county Extension.. And used to treat urinary tract infections, fevers, thirst etc shoots per given area in full! Plants that are typically resistant to wildfires because of the Southern weed Science Society, 49:156 cultivars., febrifuge, sialagogue, health benefits of cogon grass and tonic to establish fast growing tree species during the later phase!, tillage, or Speargrass weed because it sprouts and grows faster than most.. Plant is a registered trademark of Dupont, Wilmington, DE 19898 disking treatment directly following a burn of of...

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