D . true or false: The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States, guaranteed due process of law, and guaranteed equal protection of the law. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. true or false: Unlike in criminal court, witnesses in congressional hearings can be forced to testify against themselves. 2023 BBC. Levine said the electoral college has the potential to keep Trump in power if a similar result unfolds this year. Our extraordinary republic has endured for nearly two and a half centuries based on the consent of the governed. Kiersten Schmidt and Wilson Andrews, "A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton, nytimes.com, Dec. 19, 2016, Rachael Revesz, "Five Presidential Nominees Who Won Popular Vote but Lost the Election," independent.co.uk, Nov. 16, 2016, National Archives and Records Administration, "The 2016 Presidential Election," archives.gov (accessed Nov. 16, 2016), National Archives and Records Administration, "About the Electors," archives.gov (accessed Nov. 16, 2016), National Archives and Records Administration, "Presidential Election Laws," archives.gov (accessed Nov. 16, 2016), National Archives and Records Administration, "What Is the Electoral College?," archives.gov (accessed Nov. 16, 2016), Alexander Hamilton, "The Federalist Papers: No. Question 12. Push for the position and policies you support by writing US national senators and representatives. A variety of newsletters you'll love, delivered straight to you. Comments on this story are moderated according to our Submission Guidelines. The president's powers are enumerated in __________ of the U.S. Constitution. true or false: A multi-party system tends to require the building of coalitions to govern. States cannot violate due process laws because. In a political party, how does the state committee influence the national committee? "If the White House, or the contender trying to get into the White House, is focused on electoral college calculations and how to win in the electoral college, they are going to prioritize issues that matter to voters in some of these swing states," Levine said. In 2016, seven electoral college votes were cast this way, but no result has been changed by faithless electors. The discrepancy was also apparent in 2000. Twelve years later, Benjamin Harrison defeated incumbent Grover Cleveland handily in the Electoral College although garnering fewer popular votes. and more. The Senate would elect the vice-president through each senator casting one vote for one of the remaining top two candidates. What happens if no candidate gets a majority? President Joe Biden was inaugurated with Vice President Kamala Harris on Jan. 20, 2021. How Are Electoral College Electors Chosen? true or false: Ideas proposed by the president are more likely to be incorporated into legislation if the president is popular with the public. procon@eb.com, 2023 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. The ______ branch of the federal government has certain enumerated powers listed in the Constitution. We share these grave concerns. ", ProCon.org. Because the procedure for electing the president is part of the Constitution, a Constitutional Amendment (which requires two-thirds approval in both houses of Congress plus approval by 38 states) would be required to abolish the Electoral College. [25], On Monday Dec. 19, 2016, the electors in each state met to vote for President and Vice President of the United States. His work has appeared in numerous publications, including The Boston Globe, The New York Times, and National Geographic Traveler. Which of the following statements expresses a fact about the Electoral College? Why or why not? A) A winner-take-all state allows for proportional representation of the popular vote in that state. Add some good to your morning and evening. when the cabinet deems it necessary. Our support of objections will not diminish the value of the vote of any individual citizen, but rather protect that value, by ensuring the Constitution is followed and by restoring the confidence of all Americans that the rule of law will be upheld today, and our elections in the future will remain secured. Q. A Nov. 6, 2016 episode of PBS NewsHour revealed that "Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton have made more than 90% of their campaign stops in just 11 so-called battleground states. when nominated by the political party. But they are ignored in the current system. California has the greatest number of electoral votes (54); several states have only three electoral votes, the minimum a state may have (two senators and one member of the House). [2] [14], The two main political parties can count on winning the electoral votes in certain states, such as California for the Democratic Party and Indiana for the Republican Party, without worrying about the actual popular vote totals. Erin Schaff/Pool/AFP via Getty Images HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Opal said the Constitution doesn't clearly state whether it's the newly elected Congress that votes, orthe Congress that was sitting at the time of the election. D. The results of electoral college voting tend to distort the winner's margin of victory, when compared with the popular vote for president. The Supreme Court's ruling ultimately allowed Republican candidate George W. Bush to secure the state's electoral votes and become president. 30 seconds. You can contact him at benjamin.blum@cbc.ca. But just 538 people decide who will be president; thats about 0.000156% of the population deciding the president. Should Election Day Be Made a National Holiday? Electors are allocated based on the number of representatives a state has in the U.S. House of Representatives, which is determined by population,plus the number of senators two perstate. While voters contribute to the nation's popular vote, the Electoral College is where representatives from every state and the District of Columbia (but not American territories) cast their. On December 10, 2020, we filed an amicus briefin the U.S. Supreme Court on behalf of 126 Members of Congress (linkedhere), in which we urged the Court to immediately address the fact that four battleground states (Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin) violated the plain language of Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution in their selection of presidential electors. true or false: Executive privilege allows the president to speak freely with advisers about strategy without fear that Congress will question what was said in private to arrive at that strategy. A teenager who is beginning to engage in the political process is most likely to do which of the following for the party? the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The Electoral College comprises 538 electors; each state is allowed one elector for each Representative and Senator (DC is allowed 3 electors as established by the Twenty-Third Amendment). The following table gives the value of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), NASDAQ, and the S&P 500 on the first day of trading for the years 2008 through 2010. Yes. Drafted by the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, with additional assistance from the country's opposition parties, it was unanimously approved by the 5th Parliament on 10 April and ratified on 14 August 1973. 5. There are policy implications associated with that, he added. 11. An earlier version of this story included a misspoken quote that said people in Wyoming have 44 times the power of people in California in presidential elections. If an elector votes against their state's presidential pick, they are termed "faithless". "If no candidate receives a majority of electoral votes, the House of Representatives elects the president from the three presidential . Permalink: https://webster.house.gov/2021/1/electoral-college-session-statement, 37 REPUBLICAN MEMBERS RELEASE STATEMENT AHEAD OF ELECTORAL COLLEGE VOTE, https://webster.house.gov/2021/1/electoral-college-session-statement. To win the election, presidential candidates need electoral votes from multiple regions and therefore they build campaign platforms with a national focus, meaning that the winner will actually be serving the needs of the entire country. [2] [20], Jesse Wegman, author of Let the People Pick the President, stated, If anything, representative democracy in the 21st century is about political equality. The U.S. Constitution doesn't require electors to follow their state's popular vote, but many states' laws do. Because the Framers of our Constitution recognized elections were susceptible to corruption, they created the Electoral College as a safeguard and expressly empowered state legislatures to ensure the integrity of our unique election system. Last modified on December 9, 2021. through a Senate confirmation hearing. For example, if a candidate wins 50.1% of the vote in Texas, they are awarded all of the state's 38 electoral votes. Updated: November 4, 2020 | Original: December 17, 2012. After all, that's how we run every other election in this country, says Jesse Wegman, the author of Let the People Pick the President. "They keep losing the aggregated popular vote," he said. In 2000, George W Bush won with 271 electoral votes, although Democrat candidate Al Gore won the popular vote by more than half a million. annual reports of PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, including the notes to the financial statements, are also provided in Appendices B and C, respectively. B) The framers of the Constitution expected the Electoral College to use their own judgment in selecting a President. [18], A Nov. 6, 2016 episode of PBS NewsHour revealed that Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton have made more than 90% of their campaign stops in just 11 so-called battleground states. They will never go for a national elected president. It's hard to make an intellectual argument in favor of the Electoral College. That vulnerability was on full display on Jan. 6, when Trump and the violent insurrectionists pressed Congress to overturn Biden's Electoral College win. The electoral college was also favoured by southern states, where slaves made up a large portion of the population. Rank choice voting? With two parties dominating the US system, this is unlikely to happen today. If the election depended solely on the popular vote, then candidates could limit campaigning to heavily-populated areas or specific regions. National polls indicate a large percentage of Americans now have serious doubts about not just the outcome of the current presidential contest, but also the future reliability of our election system itself. 4. It happened in2016, whenTrump won a majority of electoral college votes despite falling short of Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the popular vote by nearly three million. Texas, the largest reliably Republican-leaning state, has 36 congressmen and two senators, so they get 38 electoral votes. James Madison stated, There was one difficulty however of a serious nature attending an immediate choice by the people. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which statement is NOT true of the Electoral College?, Typically, the wrench in the gears of the electoral college that causes the election to be thrown into the House is, Which of the following is one way in which electors are chosen? Smith says this is something fellow Republicans should consider. Opponents say would disadvantage low-income and blue collar workers. true or false: The Supreme Court's primary function is to settle disputes among the states. It is possible for candidates to be the most popular candidate among voters nationally, but still fail to win enough states to gain 270 electoral votes. Without the electoral college, groups such as Iowa farmers and Ohio factory workers would be ignored in favor of pandering to metropolitan areas with higher population densities, leaving rural areas and small towns marginalized. ], ProCon.org, "The Electoral College Top 3 Pros and Cons,", ProCon.org, "The Electoral College Top 3 Pros and Cons. Who was the first leader to assume a higher office through the clarification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment? And even when that doesn't happen, Wegman sees another problem with the Electoral College system. Although the phrase "Electoral College" does not appear in the U.S. Constitution, it is how we refer to the procedure by which the United States elects the President. Electing a U.S. president isn't as simple as one person, one vote. "In the founding period, it was hard to imagine the American people as a single political entity. "You don't have to convince the public that the system is fair. When the machine arrived they had trouble wiring it, so instead of going off to college that morning for an orientation, I spent several days at the theater fixing my light/sound equipment. By submitting a comment, you accept that CBC has the right to reproduce and publish that comment in whole or in part, in any manner CBC chooses. A Democratic win in 2020 may not lead to its abolishmenteither, Levine suggested, particularly if the winner-take-all structure of most electoral college votes plays to their advantage in future elections. The length of a president's term in office. In fact, people in Wyoming have nearly four times the power of people in California. What Is the Electoral College and Why Was It Created? Which of the following is a true statement about the Electoral College? 3. When an objection is duly presented, Members of Congress may draw their own individual conclusions as they determine the validity of the electoral votes at issuebut, in light of the plain language of the Constitution, the Electoral Count Act, and theper curiamopinions of the Supreme Court, it simply cannot be said that we are not charged with the full responsibility of making such a determination. He has also worked as a senior writer with CBCNews.ca, covering an array of international and domestic issues, and was a member of the CBC Sports digital team with a particular focus on rugby. After the electors cast their ballots, they are sent to Washington, D.C., where they will be counted in Congress on Jan. 6, 2021. Consider the American Bar Associations fact check on whether the Electoral College can be abolished. Each state is equally represented in the electoral college. Article II. As an end-around to a Constitutional amendment, the National Popular Vote interstate compact is working to have states pledge to award their electors to the winner of the national popular vote. They have the votes to pass ballot restrictions, and in some cases they have never held public hearings. Here are the proper bibliographic citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): [Editor's Note: The APA citation style requires double spacing within entries. In 1992, Ross Perot received 19% of the popular vote but 0 electoral votes. Because of its considerable, nonvoting slave population, that region would have less clout under a popular-vote system. Each presidential candidate has a slate of electors chosen by the candidate's party in each state. (C) The electoral college was established by the Constitution as it was originally ratified. The most probablescenario would see the new congress decide since they take office before the president, he said. by sequestering a jury by removing them from public contact, The Supreme Court's right to judicial review. 68 (The Mode of Electing the President)," congress.gov, Mar. Proper citation depends on your preferred or required style manual. And that was for a variety of reasons. 1,et seq. The ruling leaves in place laws in 32 states and D.C. that bind electors to vote for the popular-vote winner. Yes. Maine has a similar proportional distribution, with two votes awarded to the statewide winner and its other two votes given to the winners in each of its two congressional districts. [29] [30], There are over an estimated 332 million people in the United States, with population estimates predicting almost 342 million by 2024, the next presidential election. It works without controversy in most elections. There have been over 700 proposals introduced in Congress to reform or eliminate the Electoral College. Then-Vice President Mike Pence and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi preside over a joint session of Congress on Jan. 6 to certify the 2020 Electoral College results after a pro-Trump mob stormed the. B. On Dec. 22, 2016, the results were certified in all 50 states. Copy the following ratios. II, 1, cl. It also happened in 2000, whenDemocrat Al Gore defeated Republican George W. Bush in the popular vote by more than 500,000 votes, but Bush secured enough electoral college votes to win the presidency (more on Gore's Florida challenge later). Another way the Electoral College is unfair, says Harvard University political scientist Gautam Mukunda, is that each state gets electors based on its representation in the House and Senate, which means small states get extra votes. The electors meet in their respective states, as well as in D.C., on Dec. 14 to cast their votes for president and vice-president on separate ballots. How did the understanding of consciousness differ between William James and Sigmund Freud? And Smith points out that for most of American history, the Electoral College amplified the popular vote, rather than contradicting it. When search suggestions are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. 2. By its clear language, they affirmed, only state legislatures, and not state courts or any other officials, are constitutionally authorized to determine the manner by which presidential electors are selected. 23912\frac{2}{3} \quad \frac{9}{12} And that would be a bad thing for Republicans, because they depend on the Electoral College. The peculiar system that emerged was the Electoral College. [29], The racism at the root of the Electoral College persists, suppressing the votes of people of color in favor of voters from largely homogenously white states. Article 1 of the Constitution determined that members of the Senate and House of Representatives would both be elected directly by popular vote. You just have to convince them that it's not so unfair they should overthrow the system.". head of state and head of government. [3 U.S.C.] Six states - Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, Vermont and. Their assertion is only trueso long asCongress is first convinced those electoral votes were not produced by a process that violated the strict provision of Article II, Section 1,Clause 2. (b) Each of PepsiCos financial statements is labeled consolidated. What has been consolidated? California has the most electors - 55 - while a handful of sparsely populated states like Wyoming, Alaska and North Dakota (and Washington DC) have the minimum of three. Indeed, just two decades ago, the Supreme Court plainly acknowledged this important deliberative role of Congress. and more. true or false: Innovations in media have increased the number of people reporting on events and issues and expanded the ways in which citizens access information. [11], This happened with President Nixon in 1968 and President Clinton in 1992, when both men won the most electoral votes while receiving just 43% of the popular vote. Which of the following statements about the electoral college is correct? So-called faithless electors have not been critical to the outcome of a U.S. presidential election, but that could change in a race decided by just a few electoral votes. It needs to be updated for modern times. Given these inescapable facts, we believe we have no choice but to vote to sustain objections to those slates of electors. Its about one person, one vote everybodys vote counting equally. 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